Designing an Ethical Leadership Model within the Framework of Cultural Excellence: A Qualitative Approach in the Petrochemical Industry

Abstract

This study aims to design a culturally grounded model of ethical leadership for the petrochemical industry, integrating ethical principles with the dimensions of cultural excellence to address organizational challenges and enhance performance. The study employed a qualitative research approach using the Grounded Theory method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 participants, including managers, experts, and academics from the petrochemical sector. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s three-stage coding process: open coding to extract initial concepts, axial coding to identify relational patterns using the paradigm model (causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences), and selective coding to integrate findings into a coherent theoretical model. Triangulation, expert validation, and participant diversity were used to ensure credibility and confirmability of the results. The analysis yielded 275 initial codes, which were refined into 63 concepts and organized into 30 subcategories across six major dimensions. The central phenomenon was defined as “ethical leadership based on cultural excellence.” Causal conditions included decreased organizational citizenship behavior, need for personal growth, and environmental and market risks. Contextual and intervening conditions encompassed organizational culture, decision-making structure, socio-economic environment, and individual traits. Strategies such as codifying ethical values, participatory management, continuous training, and fostering social and environmental responsibility were identified. The consequences included enhanced employee motivation, improved organizational communication, reduced risks, ethical behavior development, and institutional trust. The study presents an empirically grounded and culturally responsive model of ethical leadership specific to the petrochemical industry. It highlights the interplay between ethical leadership and cultural alignment, offering a strategic framework for improving organizational integrity, adaptability, and sustainability.